The intricate and different life cycles of both male and female root-heads, and the great behavioral sophistication shown by the female in reconfiguring a host crab as a support system, all underscore the myopia of our conventional wisdom in regarding rhizocephalans as degenerate parasites because the adult anatomy of internal roots and external sac seem so simple.
Stephen Jay Gould (2011). “Leonardo's Mountain of Clams and the Diet of Worms”, p.371, Harvard University Press
