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  4. John H. Lienhard
  5. To learn is to incur surprise-I mean really learning, not...

To learn is to incur surprise-I mean really learning, not just refreshing our memory or adding a new fact. And to invent is to bestow surprise-I mean really inventing, not just innovating what others have done.

John H. Lienhard
Memories, Mean, Science
John H. Lienhard (2006). “How Invention Begins: Echoes of Old Voices in the Rise of New Machines”, p.227, Oxford University Press
To learn is to incur surprise-I mean really learning, not just refreshing our memory or adding a new fact. And to invent is to bestow surprise-I mean really inventing, not just innovating what others have done.