Authors:

Dominance contests with other wolves are rare, if they exist at all. During my 13 summers observing the Ellesmere Island pack, I saw none.

"Alpha status, dominance, and division of labor in wolf packs". Canadian Journal of Zoology, Volume 77: 1196-1203, 1999.
Dominance contests with other wolves are rare, if they exist at all. During my 13 summers observing the Ellesmere Island pack, I saw none.