You got to be rigorous in your appraisal system. The biggest cowards are managers who don't let people know where they stand.
When one cannot appraise out of one's own experience, the temptation to blunder is minimized, but even when one can, appraisal seems chiefly useful as appraisal of the appraiser.
Evaluate what you want - because what gets measured, gets produced.
How you measure the performance of your managers directly affects the way they act.
self-esteem, n. An erroneous appraisal.