In the perception of a tree we can distinguish the act of experiencing, or perceiving, from the thing experienced, or perceived.
An expectation is a future object, recognised as belonging to me.
Hence, in desiring, the more the enjoyment is delayed, the more fancy begins to weave about the object images of future fruition, and to clothe the desired object with properties calculated to inflame the impulse.
The perceptive act is a reaction of the mind upon the object of which it is the perception.
Psychology is the science of the act of experiencing, and deals with the whole system of such acts as they make up mental life.
Such being the nature of mental life, the business of psychology is primarily to describe in detail the various forms which attention or conation assumes upon the different levels of that life.
Both expectations and memories are more than mere images founded on previous experience.
Mental life is indeed practical through and through. It begins in practice and it ends in practice.
Curiosity begins as an act of tearing to pieces or analysis.
Thus the same object may supply a practical perception to one person and a speculative one to another, or the same person may perceive it partly practically and partly speculatively.
The mental act of sensation which issues in reflex movement is so simple as to defy analysis.
What is the meaning of the togetherness of the perceiving mind, in that peculiar modification of perceiving which makes it perceive not a star but a tree, and the tree itself, is a problem for philosophy
It is convenient to distinguish the two kinds of experience which have thus been described, the experienc-ing and the experienc-ed, by technical words.
But though cognition is not an element of mental action, nor even in any real sense of the word an aspect of it, the distinction of cognition and conation has if properly defined a definite value.
For psychological purposes the most important differences in conation are those in virtue of which the object is revealed as sensed or perceived or imaged or remembered or thought.
You can mark in desire the rising of the tide, as the appetite more and more invades the personality, appealing, as it does, not merely to the sensory side of the self, but to its ideal components as well.
... when demand is being destroyed by expensive oil just as expensive oil is incentivising increased production - it should come as no surprise that at some point the markets would react.
The thing of which the act of perception is the perception is experienced as something not mental.
An object is not first imagined or thought about and then expected or willed, but in being actively expected it is imagined as future and in being willed it is thought.
It is more difficult to designate this form of conation on its practical side by a satisfactory name.
We cannot therefore say that mental acts contain a cognitive as well as a conative element.
The interval between a cold expectation and a warm desire may be filled by expectations of varying degrees of warmth or by desires of varying degrees of coldness.
The sensory acts are accordingly distinguished by their objects.
It may be added, to prevent misunderstanding, that when I speak of contemplated objects in this last phrase as objects of contemplation, the act of contemplation itself is of course an enjoyment.
Desire then is the invasion of the whole self by the wish, which, as it invades, sets going more and more of the psychical processes; but at the same time, so long as it remains desire, does not succeed in getting possession of the self.
